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Asteroid 2024 YR4 no longer poses a threat to either Earth or the Moon. Fresh observations from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope have ruled out the final possibility of a collision in 2032, bringing closure to one of the most closely monitored asteroid alerts in recent memory.
Using infrared data gathered in February, scientists refined the asteroid's orbital path and confirmed it will pass approximately 21,200 kilometres from the lunar surface on 22 December 2032. Earlier calculations had assigned a 4.3% probability of a lunar strike, although Earth impact risk had already been eliminated.
Discovered in late 2024 by the ATLAS survey in Chile, the asteroid briefly carried a 3.1% chance of hitting Earth — the highest impact probability ever recorded for a newly identified object of roughly 60 metres, large enough to devastate a city. However, what changed was not its trajectory but scientists' precision in measuring it. Since spring 2025, 2024 YR4 had grown too faint for most ground-based observatories; Webb's infrared sensors captured some of the faintest asteroid observations ever recorded.
The episode serves as a compelling demonstration of planetary defence in action: early warnings may initially seem alarming, yet uncertainty diminishes as more precise data becomes available.
1
According to the passage, asteroid 2024 YR4 ----.
A)was initially discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope during a routine deep-space survey
B)will pass approximately 21,200 kilometres from the Moon's surface in December 2032
C)still carries a significant probability of colliding with the Moon in the coming decade
D)is estimated to measure roughly 600 metres across, large enough to threaten a continent
E)was reclassified as non-threatening after ground-based telescopes tracked it through 2026
2
It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
A)ground-based observatories are always sufficient for tracking potentially hazardous asteroids
B)the ATLAS survey programme has been permanently discontinued following this particular discovery
C)initial high-risk estimates for newly found asteroids often decrease with better data
D)NASA had already developed a deflection mission specifically designed for this asteroid
E)all asteroids smaller than 100 metres are considered entirely harmless by defence agencies
3
What is the author's attitude towards the planetary defence efforts described in the passage?
A)Critical, arguing that the initial risk estimates caused unnecessary public panic
B)Sceptical, doubting the reliability of infrared telescope observations for this purpose
C)Indifferent, treating the entire episode as scientifically insignificant and routine
D)Appreciative, presenting the case as a successful demonstration of early warning
E)Pessimistic, suggesting that future asteroid threats will be impossible to detect early
4
What does the passage mainly focus on?
A)How refined observations removed the collision risk from a closely watched asteroid
B)The technical specifications and full operational history of the James Webb Space Telescope
C)A comprehensive comparison of all asteroids discovered by the ATLAS survey in Chile
D)The political debate surrounding international funding for planetary defence initiatives
E)The geological consequences that a large asteroid impact would have on the Moon's surface
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